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Wolfgang Krause
Wolfgang Krause (18 September 1895, Steglitz – 14 August 1970, Göttingen) was a German linguist. He specialised initially in Celtic studies and the Tokharians, later in Old Norse and especially runology.
==Education and career==
Krause studied Classical Philology and Indo-Germanic Studies at the Universities of Berlin and Göttingen, from 1914 to 1920. In 1929 he took over the chair in Linguistics at the University of Königsberg, where his research focussed on mediaeval Scandinavian culture, particularly the runes. In 1937, he moved to the University of Göttingen and in 1938 set up an institute for runological research there.〔Fritz Paul, ''(Zur Geschichte der Skandinavistik an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Eine vorläufige Skizze )'', Skandinavisches Seminar, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 1985, retrieved 1 September 2010. 〕〔Bernard Thomas Mees, ''The Science of the Swastika'', Budapest: Central European University Press, 2008, ISBN 963-9776-18-1, (p. 180 ).〕 In 1940, troubled by the dwindling resources for independent academic institutions in wartime, he placed it under the sponsorship of the SS cultural and educational organisation, the Ahnenerbe, and it became the ''Zentralstelle des Ahnenerbes für Runenforschung'' (Central Location of the Ahnenerbe for Runic Research), which distinguished it from a similar institute directed by Krause's rival Helmut Arntz.〔The ''Institut für Runenforschung'' (Institute for Runic Research) at the University of Gießen, established in 1939: Gerd Simon with Dagny Guhr and Ulrich Schermaul, ''(Chronologie Arntz, Helmut )'', 20 July 2007, revised 26 September 2007, retrieved 1 September 2010 (pdf), p. 3. 〕〔According to Mees, (p. 181 ), Krause reported on Arntz' activities to the Ahnenerbe.〕 In 1943, he was made Director of the Runic Division of the Ahnenerbe; however, his institute was renamed the ''Lehr- und Forschungsstätte für Runen- und Sinnbildkunde'' (Teaching and Research Institute for Runic and Symbological Studies) and he was forced to accept as assistant director for Symbology Karl Theodor Weigel, whom he had long criticised as a dilettante, and who outranked him in the Ahnenerbe despite having never completed his doctorate.〔Michael H. Kater, ''Das 'Ahnenerbe' der SS 1935–1945'', Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1974, ISBN 3-421-01623-2, 4th ed. Munich: Oldenbourg, ISBN 3-486-56529-X, pp. (196 )–(97 ) ; Kater uses "the internationally respected runologist" Krause as an example of academics placing themselves under the wing of the Ahnenerbe out of a need to preserve themselves and their work after the war began.〕〔However, Mees, (p. 181 ), points to his own work in pre-runic ideographs and says that while he "reserv() his approbation for amateur advocates of ideographic studies", he "accommodat() previously amateur adherents to Wirth's theories within German academia".〕
Krause never became a member of the Nazi party,〔According to Paul, he used his limited sight as an excuse. "Auf Anfrage . . . nach seiner Parteimitgliedschaft konnte Krause kühl antworten, daß er zwar 'der NSV, dem RLB sowie der Kreisgemeinschaft des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes' angehöre: 'Die Mitgliedschaft der anderen wichtigen Gliederungen der Partei verbietet sich mir wegen meines Augenleidens und der sich daraus ergebenden Hemmnisse.'" (To the question . . . of his membership in the party, Krause was able to coolly respond that he did belong to "the National Socialist People's Welfare, the Reich Air Defence Corps, and also the local branch of the Red Cross . . . Membership in the other important divisions of the party is ruled out on account of my eye ailment and the limitations resulting from it".)〕〔Mees, (p. 263 ).〕 and remained in his position after the Second World War ended. In 1950, the Norse Study Section which he headed was combined with his Institute for Runic Studies to form a Scandinavian Department and he was named its director. He simultaneously remained head of the Linguistics Department. In 1963 he became professor emeritus, after which the directorship of the two departments was again divided. On his 70th birthday, students at the University of Göttingen honoured him with a torchlight procession.〔
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